-
1 top
[tɔp] 1. n(of mountain, ladder) szczyt m; ( of tree) wierzchołek m; (of cupboard, table) blat m; (of page, pyjamas) góra f; ( of bottle) zakrętka f; (of jar, box) wieczko nt; (also: top gear) najwyższy bieg m; (also: spinning top) bąk m; ( blouse etc) góra f2. adj 3. vt( be first in) znajdować się (znaleźć się perf) na czele +gen; ( exceed) przewyższać (przewyższyć perf)on top of — (on) na +loc; ( in addition to) w dodatku do +gen
to go over the top ( inf) — przeholować ( perf) (inf)
Phrasal Verbs:- top up* * *I 1. [top] noun1) (the highest part of anything: the top of the hill; the top of her head; The book is on the top shelf.) szczyt2) (the position of the cleverest in a class etc: He's at the top of the class.) czołówka3) (the upper surface: the table-top.) wierzch4) (a lid: I've lost the top to this jar; a bottle-top.) pokrywka5) (a (woman's) garment for the upper half of the body; a blouse, sweater etc: I bought a new skirt and top.) góra2. adjective(having gained the most marks, points etc, eg in a school class: He's top (of the class) again.) najlepszy3. verb1) (to cover on the top: She topped the cake with cream.) nakrywać, pokrywać2) (to rise above; to surpass: Our exports have topped $100,000.) przewyższać3) (to remove the top of.) usuwać wierzchołek•- topless- topping
- top hat
- top-heavy
- top-secret
- at the top of one's voice
- be/feel on top of the world
- from top to bottom
- the top of the ladder/tree
- top up II [top] noun(a kind of toy that spins.) bąk -
2 top up
(US top off) vtto top up sb's drink/glass — dolewać (dolać perf) komuś
* * *(to fill (a cup etc that has been partly emptied) to the top: Let me top up your glass/drink.) dopełniać -
3 top-heavy
[tɔp'hɛvɪ]adj* * *adjective (having the upper part too heavy for the lower: That pile of books is top-heavy - it'll fall over!) przeciążony u góry -
4 head
[hɛd] 1. n ( lit, fig)głowa f; ( of table) szczyt m; ( of company) dyrektor m; (of country, organization) przywódca(-dczyni) m(f); ( of school) dyrektor(ka) m(f); (of list, queue) czoło nt; ( on coin) reszka f; (on tape recorder, computer) głowica fhead first — fall głową naprzód or do przodu; dive na główkę
10 pounds a/per head — 10 funtów na głowę
to come to a head ( fig) — situation etc osiągać (osiągnąć perf) punkt krytyczny
to bite/snap sb's head off — warczeć (warknąć perf) na kogoś (inf)
the brandy/success went to his head — koniak/sukces uderzył mu do głowy
to lose one's head — tracić (stracić perf) głowę
2. vthe's off his head! ( inf) — odbiło mu! (inf)
list, group znajdować się na czele +gen; company prowadzić, kierować +instr; ball odbijać (odbić perf) głowąPhrasal Verbs:- head for- head off* * *[hed] 1. noun1) (the top part of the human body, containing the eyes, mouth, brain etc; the same part of an animal's body: The stone hit him on the head; He scratched his head in amazement.) głowa2) (a person's mind: An idea came into my head last night.) głowa3) (the height or length of a head: The horse won by a head.) długość łba4) (the chief or most important person (of an organization, country etc): Kings and presidents are heads of state; ( also adjective) a head waiter; the head office.) głowa, główny5) (anything that is like a head in shape or position: the head of a pin; The boy knocked the heads off the flowers.) główka6) (the place where a river, lake etc begins: the head of the Nile.) góra7) (the top, or the top part, of anything: Write your address at the head of the paper; the head of the table.) góra, szczyt8) (the front part: He walked at the head of the procession.) przód9) (a particular ability or tolerance: He has no head for heights; She has a good head for figures.) głowa10) (a headmaster or headmistress: You'd better ask the Head.) kierowanik, dyrektor11) ((for) one person: This dinner costs $10 a head.) na osobę/głowę12) (a headland: Beachy Head.) przylądek13) (the foam on the top of a glass of beer etc.) piana2. verb1) (to go at the front of or at the top of (something): The procession was headed by the band; Whose name headed the list?) być na czele, prowadzić2) (to be in charge of; to be the leader of: He heads a team of scientists investigating cancer.) kierować3) ((often with for) to (cause to) move in a certain direction: The explorers headed south; The boys headed for home; You're heading for disaster!) kierować się4) (to put or write something at the beginning of: His report was headed `Ways of Preventing Industrial Accidents'.) zatytułować5) ((in football) to hit the ball with the head: He headed the ball into the goal.) zagrać głową•- - headed- header
- heading
- heads
- headache
- headband
- head-dress
- headfirst
- headgear
- headlamp
- headland
- headlight
- headline
- headlines
- headlong
- head louse
- headmaster
- head-on
- headphones
- headquarters
- headrest
- headscarf
- headsquare
- headstone
- headstrong
- headwind
- above someone's head
- go to someone's head
- head off
- head over heels
- heads or tails?
- keep one's head
- lose one's head
- make head or tail of
- make headway
- off one's head -
5 cream
[kriːm] 1. n( from milk) śmietana f, śmietanka f; (cake and chocolate filling, cosmetic) krem m; ( fig) śmietanka f2. adj 3. vtPhrasal Verbs:* * *[kri:m] 1. noun1) (the yellowish-white oily substance that forms on the top of milk, and from which butter and cheese are made.) śmietana2) (any of many substances made of, or similar to, cream: ice-cream; face-cream.) śmietanka, mleczko, lody3) (the best part; the top people: the cream of the medical profession.) śmietanka towarzyska, kwiat4) (( also adjective) (of) a yellowish-white colour: cream paint.) kremowy2. verb1) (to make into a cream-like mixture: Cream the eggs, butter and sugar together.) ucierać2) (to take the cream off: She creamed the milk.) zbierać śmietanę z3) ((with off) to select (the best): The best pupils will be creamed off for special training.) wyselekcjonować•- creamy- creaminess
- cream of tartar -
6 crown
[kraun] 1. n(of monarch, tooth) korona f; ( of head) ciemię nt; ( of hill) wierzchołek m, szczyt m; ( of hat) denko nt2. vtand to crown it all … ( fig) — a na dodatek (jeszcze)…
* * *1. noun1) (a circular, often jewelled, head-dress, especially one worn as a mark of royalty or honour: the queen's crown.) korona2) ((with capital) the king or queen or governing power in a monarchy: revenue belonging to the Crown.) korona, państwo3) (the top eg of a head, hat, hill etc: We reached the crown of the hill.) szczyt, zwieńczenie, wierzchołek4) ((an artificial replacement for) the part of a tooth which can be seen.) koronka2. verb1) (to make (someone) king or queen by placing a crown on his or her head: The archbishop crowned the queen.) koronować2) (to form the top part of (something): an iced cake crowned with a cherry.) wieńczyć3) (to put an artificial crown on (a tooth).) nakładać koronę4) (to hit (someone) on the head: If you do that again, I'll crown you!) uderzać w głowę•- crown princess -
7 over
['əuvə(r)] 1. adv1) ( across)to cross over to the other side — przechodzić (przejść perf) na drugą stronę
to ask sb over — zapraszać (zaprosić perf) kogoś (do domu or do siebie)
over here/there — tu/tam
3) ( finished)to be over — skończyć się ( perf)
4) ( excessively) zbyt, nadmiernieshe's not over intelligent, is she? — nie jest zbyt or nadmiernie inteligentna, prawda?
5) ( remaining)6)2. prepover and over (again) — wielokrotnie, w kółko (inf)
to spread a sheet over sth — rozkładać (rozłożyć perf) na czymś prześcieradło
2) ( on the other side of) po drugiej stronie +gen; ( to the other side of) przez +acc, na drugą stronę +gen3) ( more than) ponad +accover and above — poza +instr, w dodatku do +gen
4) ( during) przez +acc, podczas +gen* * *['əuvə] 1. preposition1) (higher than; above in position, number, authority etc: Hang that picture over the fireplace; He's over 90 years old.) po(nad)2) (from one side to another, on or above the top of; on the other side of: He jumped over the gate; She fell over the cat; My friend lives over the street.) nad, na3) (covering: He put his handkerchief over his face.) na4) (across: You find people like him all over the world.) na5) (about: a quarrel over money.) o6) (by means of: He spoke to her over the telephone.) przez7) (during: Over the years, she grew to hate her husband.) przez8) (while having etc: He fell asleep over his dinner.) nad2. adverb1) (higher, moving etc above: The plane flew over about an hour ago.)2) (used to show movement, change of position: He rolled over on his back; He turned over the page.)3) (across: He went over and spoke to them.)4) (downwards: He fell over.)5) (higher in number etc: for people aged twenty and over.)6) (remaining: There are two cakes for each of us, and two over.)7) (through from beginning to end, carefully: Read it over; Talk it over between you.)3. adjective(finished: The affair is over now.) ponad, prze-4. noun((in cricket) a certain number of balls bowled from one end of the wicket: He bowled thirty overs in the match.) seria rzutów/piłek (w krykiecie)5. as part of a word1) (too (much), as in overdo.) prze-2) (in a higher position, as in overhead.) nad-3) (covering, as in overcoat.) na-4) (down from an upright position, as in overturn.) prze-5) (completely, as in overcome.) prze-•- over all
- over and done with -
8 sneer
[snɪə(r)] 1. viuśmiechać się (uśmiechnąć się perf) szyderczo2. nto sneer at — szydzić z +gen
( remark) drwina f, szyderstwo nt; ( expression) szyderczy uśmiech m* * *[sniə] 1. verb1) (to raise the top lip at one side in a kind of smile that expresses scorn: What are you sneering for?) uśmiechać się szyderczo2) ((with at) to show contempt for (something) by such an expression or by scornful words etc: He sneered at our attempts to improve the situation.) drwić3) (to say with contempt: `You haven't a chance of getting that job,' he sneered.) drwić, szydzić2. noun(a scornful expression, words etc that express contempt.) drwiny -
9 hang
[hæŋ] 1. pt, pp hung, vt, pt, pp hanged 2. vionce you have got the hang of it, … ( inf) — jak już raz chwycisz, o co chodzi, … (inf)
Phrasal Verbs:- hang on- hang out- hang up* * *[hæŋ]past tense, past participle - hung; verb1) (to put or fix, or to be put or fixed, above the ground eg by a hook: We'll hang the picture on that wall; The picture is hanging on the wall.) wieszać, powiesić2) (to fasten (something), or to be fastened, at the top or side so that it can move freely but cannot fall: A door hangs by its hinges.) zawiesić, wisieć3) ((past tense, past participle hanged) to kill, or to be killed, by having a rope put round the neck and being allowed to drop: Murderers used to be hanged in the United Kingdom, but no-one hangs for murder now.) wieszać (na szubienicy)4) ((often with down or out) to be bending, drooping or falling downwards: The dog's tongue was hanging out; Her hair was hanging down.) zwisać, opadać5) (to bow (one's head): He hung his head in shame.) zwiesić•- hanger- hanging
- hangings
- hangman
- hangover
- get the hang of
- hang about/around
- hang back
- hang in the balance
- hang on
- hang together
- hang up -
10 reach
[riːtʃ] 1. nzasięg mwithin (easy) reach of the shops/station — (bardzo) blisko sklepów/dworca
beyond the reach of ( fig) — poza zasięgiem +gen
"keep out of the reach of children" — "chronić przed dziećmi"
- reaches2. vtdestination docierać (dotrzeć perf) do +gen; conclusion dochodzić (dojść perf) do +gen; decision podejmować (podjąć perf); age, agreement osiągać (osiągnąć perf); ( extend to) sięgać (sięgnąć perf) do +gen, dochodzić (dojść perf) do +gen; ( be able to touch) dosięgać (dosięgnąć perf) (do) +gen; ( by telephone) kontaktować się (skontaktować się perf) (telefonicznie) z +instr3. viwyciągać (wyciągnąć perf) rękęPhrasal Verbs:* * *[ri: ] 1. verb1) (to arrive at (a place, age etc): We'll never reach London before dark; Money is not important when you reach my age; The noise reached our ears; Has the total reached a thousand dollars yet?; Have they reached an agreement yet?) dotrzeć/dojść do, osiągnąć2) (to (be able to) touch or get hold of (something): My keys have fallen down this hole and I can't reach them.) sięgnąć3) (to stretch out one's hand in order to touch or get hold of something: He reached (across the table) for another cake; She reached out and took the book; He reached across/over and slapped her.) sięgnąć, wyciągnąć rękę4) (to make contact with; to communicate with: If anything happens you can always reach me by phone.) połączyć/skontaktować się z5) (to stretch or extend: My property reaches from here to the river.) sięgać2. noun1) (the distance that can be travelled easily: My house is within (easy) reach (of London).) pobliże2) (the distance one can stretch one's arm: I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children's reach; My keys are down that hole, just out of reach (of my fingers); The boxer has a very long reach.) zasięg3) ((usually in plural) a straight part of a river, canal etc: the lower reaches of the Thames.) prosty odcinek -
11 approach
[ə'prəutʃ] 1. vi 2. vtplace zbliżać się (zbliżyć się perf) do +gen; person, problem podchodzić (podejść perf) do +gen; (ask, apply to) zwracać się (zwrócić się perf) do +gen3. n( of person) nadejście nt; ( proposal) propozycja f, oferta f; (access, path) droga f, dojście nt; ( to problem) podejście ntto approach sb about sth — zwracać się (zwrócić się perf) do kogoś o coś
* * *[ə'prəu ] 1. verb(to come near (to): The car approached (the traffic lights) at top speed; Christmas is approaching.) zwracać/zbliżać się do2. noun1) (the act of coming near: The boys ran off at the approach of a policeman.) zbliżanie się2) (a road, path etc leading to a place: All the approaches to the village were blocked by fallen rock.) podejście, podjazd3) (an attempt to obtain or attract a person's help, interest etc: They have made an approach to the government for help; That fellow makes approaches to (= he tries to become friendly with) every woman he meets.) zwrócenie się, podejście, zaloty•- approaching -
12 arch
[ɑːtʃ] 1. n ( ARCHIT) 2. vtwyginać (wygiąć perf) w łuk3. adjfiglarny, łobuzerski4. prefarcy…* * *1. noun1) (the top part of a door etc or a support for a roof etc which is built in the shape of a curve.) łuk2) (a monument which is shaped like an arch: the Marble Arch in London.) łuk3) (anything that is like an arch in shape: The rainbow formed an arch in the sky.) łuk4) (the raised part of the sole of the foot.) podbicie2. verb(to (cause to) be in the shape of an arch: The cat arched its back.) wyginać w łuk- arched- archway -
13 exclude
[ɪks'kluːd]vtperson, fact wyłączać (wyłączyć perf), wykluczać (wykluczyć perf); possibility wykluczać (wykluczyć perf)* * *[ik'sklu:d]1) (to prevent (someone) from sharing or taking part in something: They excluded her from the meeting.) wyłączyć, wykluczyć2) (to shut out; to keep out: Fill the bottle to the top so as to exclude all air.) zamknąć dostęp3) (to leave out of consideration: We cannot exclude the possibility that he was lying.) wykluczyć•- excluding -
14 heading
-
15 landmark
['lændmɑːk]n* * *1) (an object on land that serves as a guide to seamen or others: The church-tower is a landmark for sailors because it stands on the top of a cliff.) punkt orientacyjny2) (an event of great importance.) punkt zwrotny -
16 penthouse
['pɛnthaus]napartament m na ostatnim piętrze* * *(a (usually luxurious) flat at the top of a building: That apartment building has a beautiful penthouse; ( also adjective) a penthouse flat.) luksusowe mieszkanie na dachu -
17 pile
[paɪl] 1. n(heap, stack) stos m, sterta f; (of carpet, velvet) włos m; ( pillar) pal m2. vtto pile into — ładować się (władować się perf) do +gen
Phrasal Verbs:- pile on- pile up* * *I 1. noun1) (a (large) number of things lying on top of each other in a tidy or untidy heap; a (large) quantity of something lying in a heap: There was a neat pile of books in the corner of the room; There was pile of rubbish at the bottom of the garden.) stos, sterta2) (a large quantity, especially of money: He must have piles of money to own a car like that.) kupa2. verb(to make a pile of (something); to put (something) in a pile: He piled the boxes on the table.) układać- pile-up- pile up II(a large pillar or stake driven into the ground as a foundation for a building, bridge etc: The entire city of Venice is built on piles.) palIII noun(the thick soft surface of carpets and some kinds of cloth eg velvet: The rug has a deep/thick pile.) włos, puszek -
18 speed
[spiːd] 1. n( rate) prędkość f, szybkość f; (fast travel, promptness, haste) szybkość f2. vi; pt, pp spedto speed (along/by) — pędzić (popędzić perf) (wzdłuż +gen /obok +gen); ( AUT) jechać z nadmierną prędkością, przekraczać (przekroczyć perf) dozwoloną prędkość
at full/top speed — z maksymalną prędkością
at a speed of 70km/h — z prędkością siedemdziesięciu kilometrów na godzinę
shorthand/typing speed — szybkość stenografowania/pisania na maszynie
Phrasal Verbs:- speed up* * *[spi:d] 1. noun1) (rate of moving: a slow speed; The car was travelling at high speed.) prędkość2) (quickness of moving.) prędkość2. verb1) ((past tense, past participles sped [sped] speeded) to (cause to) move or progress quickly; to hurry: The car sped/speeded along the motorway.) mknąć2) ((past tense, past participle speeded) to drive very fast in a car etc, faster than is allowed by law: The policeman said that I had been speeding.) przekraczać dozwoloną prędkość•- speeding- speedy
- speedily
- speediness
- speed bump
- speed trap
- speedometer
- speed up -
19 topping
['tɔpɪŋ]n( on dessert) przybranie nt; ( on pizza) dodatek m* * *noun (something that forms a covering on top of something, especially food: a tart with a topping of cream.) górna warstwa, wierzch -
20 very
['vɛrɪ] 1. adv 2. adjthe very book which… — właśnie ta książka, która…
* * *['veri] 1. adverb1) (to a great degree: He's very clever; You came very quickly; I'm not feeling very well.) bardzo2) (absolutely; in the highest degree: The very first thing you must do is ring the police; She has a car of her very own.) całkiem2. adjective1) (exactly or precisely the thing, person etc mentioned: You're the very man I want to see; At that very minute the door opened.) ten właśnie2) (extreme: at the very end of the day; at the very top of the tree.) sam3) (used for emphasis in other ways: The very suggestion of a sea voyage makes her feel seasick.) sam•
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